It is actually a really simple difference, but very affective if you can apply it to your artworks.
Think this way to understand the difference: if you take a photo in full color and turn it in black and white you have a NOTAN matrix, very easy. After this, you can simplify further the picture pretending that there are only 2-3 or 4 gray level. Shadows are nearly irrelevant here because most of the jod depends on local values. Maybe in the medium value areas you could spot some shadow effect, but in the lighter and darker areas the shadows effect is almost absent. And in general is not the shadows effect that you have to consider.
Instead, if you take a photo in color and turn it in black and white and trace the shadows area only, you have a CHIARO SCURO matrix (or FORM, as Perkins says).
In few words:
local values -> NOTAN
shadows -> CHIARO SCURO (or FORM)
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